A study on the refractive status and its influencing factors among preschool children / 预防医学

Objective To learn the refractive status and its influencing factors among preschool children,and to provide evidences for developing intervention measures.Methods Sure sight hand -held auto view tester was used for the screening of refraction.And a questionnaire survey was conducted among the parents of those with ametropia.Influencing factors of ametropia were analyzed.Results Of the 4 534 preschool children,the prevalence of ametropia was 1 0.43%;there was no significant difference (P >0.05)between the boys (1 0.1 3%)and girls (1 0.77%).The prevalence of ametropia including monocular and binocular ametropia significantly decreased with age (P <0.01 ).Hyperopia was the major type of ametropia which accounted for 59.1 4%,and the prevalence significantly decreased with age (P <0.01 ). Family history of eye diseases (OR =3.90,95%CI =2.35 -6.49)and visual abnormality (OR =3.91 ,95%,CI =2.85-5.38)were the risk factors for ametropia,and mother's knowledge of eye care (OR =0.66,95%,CI =0.36 -0.91 ) was the protective factor.The treatment adherence of children with ametropia decreased with time.Conclusion The prevalence of ametropia among preschool children is high.It's urgent to strengthen the cognition of eye care among parents and to pay more attention to the case management of children with ametropia.

Analysis on genotype distributions and epidemiological characteristics of Yersinia pestis plague foci in Gansu province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the genotype distributions and epidemiological characteristics of Yersinia pestis in Gansu province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primers were designed according to the confirmed 23 differential sections, to genotype the 202 Yersinia pestis DNA of Gansu province by PCR, and to analyze its distribution and epidemiological characteristics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Yersinia pestis in Gansu province could be divided into eight genotypes: 1b, 5, 7, 8, 13, 26, new genotype 1 (GS1) and new genotype 2 (GS2). They were distributed in various regions. 1b, 8 and GS1 genotypes of Yersinia pestis had been identified since 1960s but the 7, 13 and 26 genotypes had not been isolated for more than 40 years while GS2 and 5 genotypes had been isolated since 1990s.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>1b, 8 and GS1 genotypes of Yersinia pestis continued to be violently prevalent since 1960s but 7, 13 and 26 genotypes had not been isolated for more than 40 years while GS2 and 5 genotypes had started to be popular since 1990s.</p>

Evaluation of the effect of up-converting phosphor technology in detection of plague antigen-antibody by receiver operating characteristic curve method / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of up-converting phosphor technology(UPT) in detection of plague antigen-antibody by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method,and to provide a scientific basis for field application of UPT rapid detection technology in plague prevention and control.Methods Two hundred and twenty four serum samples were collected from Marmots and ground squirrels in the plague foci,Yersinia pestis antibody was detected by UPT,ELISA,Colloidal-gold Strips and IHA,respectively; 108 organs and bone marrow samples were collected,and Yersinia pestis antigens were detected by UPT,ELISA,PCR and RIHA,respectively.IHA was used as the gold standard for antibody test results,RIHA,PCR + Colloidal-gold Strips,PCR + ELISA were used as the gold standard for antigen test results.The results were evaluated using ROC method.Results Antibodies detection:the AUCs of UPT,ELISA and Colloidal-gold Strips were greater than 0.5.The difference between UPT and other methods was not statistically significant (z =1.204,P ＞ 0.05).Antigen detection:the AUCs of UPT,ELISA,Colloidal-gold Strips and PCR were greater than 0.5.There was no statistical difference between UPT and other methods(z =0.866,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions UPT as a new technology works well in the detection of plague antigen-antibody.The technology is simple,fast,accurate,and suitable for on-site monitoring of plague,emergency treatment of sudden plague,and suitable for promotion.

The Research Advancement of the Enzymatic Degumming of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) / 微生物学通报

The enzymatic degumming of ramie bast fibers is a kind of method with high performance, superior quality, free from pollution that directly makes use of the extra cellular enzyme or zymin produced in the fermentation process of microorganisms to degrade the gum. So far, many investigations regarding this aspect have been conducted at home and abroad, and screened various strains including aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. Comparison with the chemical degumming, the enzymatic degumming shows the advantage of improving the quality of refined dried-ramie, significantly lowering the pollution of the environment, and isone of the main development directions in the future. At the same time, if the degumming technology is extensively applied into industrialization production, the dosage of enzymes will prodigiously increase, which will promote the development of the industry on enzymes.